At the top of the food chain are massive metallurgical and environmental firms that process e-waste on an industrial scale. Enviro-Hub Holdings Ltd.
The global e-waste market, projected to reach a value of , is driven by a diverse array of buyers ranging from local enthusiasts to multi-billion-dollar industrial refiners. This industry thrives on "urban mining"—the recovery of precious metals like gold, silver, and copper from discarded electronics. 1. Industrial Giants: The Global Refiners
