Evaluation of topographic and hydrological conditions to determine the gross head ( ) and discharge (
Integration of turbines (e.g., Kaplan, Pelton, Francis) and generators. For small-scale plants, specialized hydraulic machines for low heads and small discharges are often used. 3. Operation (Betrieb) Wasserkraftanlagen: Planung, Bau und Betrieb
Construction of dams, weirs, and powerhouses. Modern projects increasingly follow Eurocode standards for structural design. Francis) and generators. For small-scale plants
Older editions and summaries can be found through institutions like KITopen . Wasserkraftanlagen: Planung, Bau und Betrieb - Google Books Wasserkraftanlagen: Planung, Bau und Betrieb
The planning phase determines the technical and economic feasibility of a project.