The authors distinguish between criminogenic needs (factors directly linked to recidivism, such as pro-criminal attitudes or substance abuse) and non-criminogenic needs (factors like low self-esteem or vague anxiety). For rehabilitation to work, treatment must target the former.
The Psychology of Criminal Conduct is more than a textbook; it is a call for evidence-based practice in a field often swayed by political emotion. By centering the discussion on the RNR model and the Central Eight, Bonta and Andrews provide a roadmap for transforming the correctional system from one of mere incapacitation to one of meaningful change. To help you get the most out of this summary, The Psychology of Criminal Conduct, Fifth Edition
a specific concept like the "Big Four" in more detail? By centering the discussion on the RNR model
Bonta and Andrews identify eight major risk factors, with the "Big Four" being the most significant predictors of reoffending: a history of antisocial behavior, antisocial personality patterns, antisocial cognitions (values/beliefs), and antisocial associates. The remaining "Moderate Four" include family/marital circumstances, school/work performance, leisure/recreation, and substance abuse. By focusing on these empirically backed variables, the PCC moves the conversation away from clinical intuition and toward data-driven assessment. Human Service over Punishment antisocial personality patterns