3. Comparing Visual vs. Spoken Language (Psychology/Linguistics)
: It challenges the idea that sign languages are "just" gestures and explores how the visual nature of signing allows for more direct meaning than spoken sounds. The full text is available via Frontiers in Psychology . the object it represents
: It suggests that early humans had a shared, intentional system of graphic communication long before formal writing systems like cuneiform existed. You can read the full study at PNAS . the object it represents
: This is a foundational text for semiotics (the study of signs and symbols). Peirce breaks down how a sign works through a three-part structure: the sign itself, the object it represents, and the "interpretant" (how we understand it). the object it represents
