: Practices like lobotomies and psychoanalysis were common until 1973, when homosexuality was finally removed from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Institutional Erasure
The history and lived experience of gay life are punctuated by "shocking" realities—from the brutality of early medical "cures" to the systemic erasure of queer voices from history. The Shock of Early "Cures" shocking free gay
: Some doctors, like Austrian endocrinologist Eugen Steinach, believed gay men simply lacked "masculine" hormones and performed testicle transplantations —castrating gay men and replacing their organs with those of "heterosexual" donors. : Practices like lobotomies and psychoanalysis were common