: The APA highlights that while the industry claims accuracy rates as high as 89-98% , independent peer-reviewed research often finds these claims lack scientific rigor. 4. AI & Software Solutions

: This paper investigates AI-based systems like iBorderCtrl and AVATAR , which are used in border security but are now classified as "high risk" under new regulatory frameworks like the EU AI Act.

For those looking to buy professional-grade equipment, it is important to understand the "validity gap" between marketing and science.

: This paper notes that while many digitized models are available for purchase from various companies, their scientific status remains controversial.

New software-based "detectors" are emerging for hiring and security screening.