These methods involve peeling or shearing layers from bulk graphite.
Graphene, a single-atom-thick sheet of carbon arranged in a hexagonal honeycomb lattice, is a pioneering two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterial. Since its groundbreaking isolation in 2004, it has attracted immense scientific and industrial attention due to its record-breaking mechanical, electrical, and thermal performances. Fabrication Strategies
: Uses sonication or high-shear mixing to disperse graphite in solvents. It is more scalable but often results in variable flake sizes.
Approximately 100 times stronger than steel with a Young's modulus of ~1.0 TPa. High electron mobility (up to 200,000 ), making it a zero-bandgap semiconductor. Thermal Conductivity Extremely high values reaching ~5000 , superior to copper and diamond. Optical Transparency
Graphene synthesis is broadly categorized into two main approaches: and bottom-up . Top-Down Methods
: Used in high-performance lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors to achieve faster charging and higher energy densities.
