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Fused Filament Fabrication Method is the most common 3D printing technology, involving the melting and extrusion of thermoplastic filaments layer-by-layer [29].

: It is highly compatible with a variety of biomaterials [29]. Fused Filament Fabrication Method is the most common

: FFFM typically shows a more complex interaction network and higher metabolic levels compared to alcohol-specific microbiota (AFM) [19]. "FFFM" often refers to the [18

In the study of microbial fermentation (such as the production of Daqu for traditional spirits), "FFFM" often refers to the [18, 19]. Fused Filament Fabrication Method is the most common

: It is widely used for creating complex structures and is generally considered easy to operate compared to other bioprinting methods [29].