Bradley's Spleenwort -

: On the underside of mature fronds, you can find small, rusty-brown clusters called sori, which produce spores between June and December. Unique Hybrid Origins

: It prefers very acidic, thin soil (pH 3.5–5.0) in exposed, often sunny rock fissures. Because it thrives in such hostile conditions where other plants cannot grow, it faces little competition from more aggressive species. Conservation Status bradley's spleenwort

Bradley's spleenwort is a tufted perennial fern that grows in tight clusters. To identify it, look for these specific features: : On the underside of mature fronds, you

Bradley's spleenwort - Illinois Department of Natural Resources you can find small

: It is listed as endangered in states like Illinois , Indiana, and Pennsylvania, and threatened in Ohio .

: Research suggests that Bradley’s spleenwort has actually "formed" multiple times in different locations from independent hybridization events between its parent species. Habitat and Distribution

Bradley's spleenwort is highly specialized and is often referred to as an "Appalachian spleenwort".